Many people assume that acupuncture is used as a simple pain control technique. A technique where needles are inserted to interrupt the nerve pathways that send pain messages to the brain. But acupuncture is much more than this. It's designed to treat any malady and works to balance the energy of your entire body.

http://how-to-earn-money.mbc-eg.com/alternative/What-Disorders-Can-Acupuncture-Treat-and-How-Does-It-Work_3462/

Reflex epilepsy of the visual system is charecterised by seizures precipitated by visual stimuli. EEG responses to intermittent photic stimulation depend on the age and sex of the subject and on how stimulation is performed: abnormalities are commonest in children and adolescents, especially girls. Only generalised paroxysmal epileptiform discharges are clearly linked to epilepsy. Abnormal responses may occur in asymptomatic subjects, especially children. Photosensitivity has an important genetic component. Some patients are sensitive to patterns, suggesting an occipital trigger for these events. Myoclonus and generalised convulsive and nonconvulsive seizures may be triggered by visual stimuli. Partial seizures occur less often and can be confused with migraine. Although usually idiopathic, photosensitive epilepsy may occur in degenerative diseases and some patients with photosensitive partial seizures have brain lesions. Sunlight and video screens, including television, video games, and computer displays, are the commonest environmental triggers of photosensitive seizures. Outbreaks of triggered seizures have occurred when certain flashing or patterned images have been broadcast. There are regulations to prevent this in some countries only. Pure photosensitive epilepsy has a good prognosis. There is a role for treatment with and without antiepileptic drugs, but photosensitivity usually does not disappear spontaneously, and then typically in the third decade.

http://www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr/en/revues/medecine/epd/e-docs/00/01/AD/F7/article.md

Not at all! Aro-T Products are very concentrated and need to be used sparingly and in small quantities. For example, a 100ml bottle of sensual oil should last 4 months. So, if you divide the price by 4, it is actually very cheap for a whole month's supply of sensual oil.

Aro-T Products are designed for individual needs! The main reason for the preference of the chosen Aro-T Product would be a specifically defined need in order to attain optimum level of performance. Feedback is required on all Aro-T Products in order to modify them for optimum performance, should it be necessary.

Aro-T Products mature with time and never expire! Attention has been given to improve the quality as it matures. The essential ingredients interact with one another to comply with the requirements of Aro-T Product Ranges. Irrespective of the technique used for application of the chosen product  (oil or cream) to be highly effective and useful for whatever purpose it was intended, remember that the use of the oil or cream depends on the application technique to be used.

By making the body very cold, the level of metabolism (the body's life maintaining system) is lowered and the amount of oxygen required is reduced. This means that breathing or circulation may be reduced for a short time without damaging the brain. The first operations for open-heart surgery were performed on patients in a hypothermic state. This technique is no longer used, because it has been replaced by other methods. However, brain surgery is still occasionally performed under conditions of hypothermia, but the patient's condition is always carefully monitored.

The diaphragm is concerned with breathing in, but it is careful control of breathing out that is required for singing. By telling singers to use the diaphragm, voice teachers seem to be reminding them to use their abdominal muscles as well as their chests for singing.

Although its basic cause is not known, Crohn's disease produces a chronic inflammation in the wall of the bowel which can result in diarrhoea, loss of weight and abdominal pain. Fistulae can form between two adjacent parts of the bowel, between the bowel and the bladder or between the bowel and the skin. Fortunately for sufferers, anti-inflammatory drugs like steroids (cortisone and related drugs) are effective forms of treatment, but surgery is sometimes necessary.

Your newborn baby is an amazing creature. The many reflexes he or she is born with help transition them to life and learn what they need to survive. Here are some of these reflexes to help you get to know your baby better: Moro Reflex: Palmar Grasp: Plantar Grasp: Sucking: Rooting Reflex: Stepping Reflex: Tonic Neck Reflex: Swimming:

Your baby will have his or her reflexes tested shortly after birth. Absence or weak reflexes can be caused by birth trauma, medications used, illness, etc. Talk to your pediatrician if you have concerns about your baby reflexes or ask them to show you during a newborn exam the amazing feats of your new baby.

During a natural birth, the compression of the baby through the birth canal seems to help its breathing, so that the baby is more alert. Monitoring simply checks the progress of labour. A Caesarean section is a major operation and is only performed when necessary.

Infection with German measles (rubella) during the first three months of pregnancy often results in an abnormal baby. This is because the German measles virus gets across the placenta and invades the baby’s tissues. Apart from its damaging effect on the young baby, German measles virus causes very little trouble. Because of this it is felt reasonable to inoculate only the population at risk: that is, girls who have not already contracted German measles before childbearing age. Boys are left unvaccinated because the disease for them is trivial.

In short, to get sun energy!

Stored sun energy finds its way into our cells in the form of minute particles of light.

What sun energy does for your health

Scientists have discovered that sun energy in our diet is of tremendous importance to our health. The more sun energy a food can store, the higher its value. Fresh vegetables and sun-ripened fruit, for example, are rich in sun energy, That is why they are so healthy,

Taken from MARCUS ROHRER ‘SPIRULINA’ pamphlet 2009

Interior oxygen level boosted Heart rested

Blood pressure lowered Vascular and lymphatic toning

Muscles

Muscles reamer from fatigue more than 300 percent faster! Increased endurance

Nerves and brain

Immediate relaxation

Wrinkle and worry lines recede Relief from cramps

Diminished anxiety and nervous tension

Skin and hair

Removes dead skin

Moisturizes the hair

Taken from SUPER MASSAGE, Simple Techniques for instant relaxation by GORDON INKELES (Author of the ART OF SENSUAL MASSAGE) Copyright 1988 Gordon Inkeles, first published in Great Britain in 1989 by Judy Piatkus (Publishers)Ltd of 5Windmill Street, London W1, Printed and bound in Great Britain by Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London, Designed and produced by Jon Goodchild/Triad, Photographed by Gordon Inkeles, Illustrations by Sigga Bjornsson, Reprinted in 1989 and twice in 1990.  Page 17

After five minutes of super massage:

Acidic irritants and wastes are removed from the muscles. Pain is controlled - the nerves are soothed.

Cramped tendons and ligaments are stretched .

Local circulation is boosted without speeding up the heart. The oxygen content of the tissues is increased.

Which means that:

Headaches disappear without pills. Facial wrinkles are smoothed.

Tension vanishes and relaxation takes its place.

Feelings of depression are replaced by a positive, optimistic outlook. Digestion, circulation, skin quality, muscle tone, and sleep

are enhanced.

Endurance increases.

Taken from SUPER MASSAGE, Simple Techniques for instant relaxation by GORDON INKELES (Author of the ART OF SENSUAL MASSAGE) Copyright 1988 Gordon Inkeles, first published in Great Britain in 1989 by Judy Piatkus (Publishers)Ltd of 5Windmill Street, London W1, Printed and bound in Great Britain by Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London, Designed and produced by Jon Goodchild/Triad, Photographed by Gordon Inkeles, Illustrations by Sigga Bjornsson, Reprinted in 1989 and twice in 1990. Page 23. 

The part of the body most prone to injury depends on the type of activity in which you are involved. For instance, footballers and skiers tend to injure legs, while boxers suffer head injuries. It is difficult to prevent such injuries from happening but you can certainly lower the odds by ensuring that you are physically fit and ready to take part in the activity you have selected.

Bottle fed babies do have more intestinal problems, due partly to the fact that infection can be introduced by the bottle feeding. In addition, breast milk contains antibodies which help the baby's intestines to fight infection.

Yes, the jejunum can get blocked as a result of various problems. The symptoms of a blockage are a distended abdomen, some colicky pain, and no faeces or wind being passed from the back passage. See your doctor promptly if this happens.

This depends entirely on what is in them. If a particular medicine does deteriote or lose its potency with age, it will have an expiry date stamped on its label, and it should not be used after that. To avoid mistakes, it is wise to get rid of any medicine which you no longer need to take.

Many women find these symptoms can be relieved by taking Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine). Your doctor will advise you further.

Yes. To become pregnant, an egg must be released from the ovary; 78% of women do this before their first period after the birth of a baby.

First of all, you must be a healthy mother who isn't likely to have complications, otherwise your doctor and midwife would have persuaded you to have your baby in hospital. Secondly, a doctor (probably your GP) with training in obstetrics will be present in your home for the delivery. And thirdly, you can be whisked off to hospital in an ambulance if anything does go wrong, so you can be sure that you will be quite safe.

Monitoring equipment can perform remarkable feats and save countless lives. The extent of their capacity ranges from checking an unborn baby's bodily functions to supervising an astronaut's health in space.

Perhaps the most remarkable advance is the development of microcircuits which can not only record the parameters of body function but can transmit them across fairly long distances. The next move will be to design more complicated machines which will themselves make any corrections necessary to prevent unwanted changes in body function.

This is most likely to be psychological. Perhaps the easiest way to overcome it is to use a cream or jelly to lubricate the vagina during intercourse. If you have a discharge at other times, though, it is worth checking with your doctor that there is no infection like monili,a, (thrush), for example.

Speech is something we all take for granted. However, for a variety of reasons, some people do not have this natural ability and have to be taught how to talk or learn other methods of communication.

After this length of time it is unlikely for his speech to return. Most of the speech recovery following a stroke happens in the first six months and then more slowly for a further 18 months.

The navel may not seem a very remarkable part of our anatomy. But for a newborn baby the formation of this puckered scar is all-important and care must be taken to ensure that it is kept clean and infection-free.

As long as you dry the cord stump carefully afterwards, bathing your baby before the navel has healed cannot hurt it. Clean it with cotton wool soaked in surgical spirit and dust it with antiseptic powder if it seems a little moist. If you see any signs of redness or discharge, report them to the doctor or health visitor.

Neurology is concerned with diseases of the brain, the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves of the body. Neurosurgery deals with the same diseases when they need operations for their treatment.

Yes, but these are only used on a few people with histories of severe depression which has not responded to treatment with drugs or psychotherapy. These operations are very much last resorts, and although they do work, their effect is only partial and risks of complications are moderately high.

Numbness is not a disease. It is a symptom that something is interfering with the nerves that normally carry sensations to the brain.

The numbness has occured because during the night the posision of your body has caused pressure on a nerve, or the artery to that part of the body has been squeezed and the blood supply cut off. Once the pressure has been removed, or you move your arm continuously, the feeling should return. However, if difficulties persist and are accompanied by other symptoms, see your doctor.

Every year, occupational hazards cause illness, injury and sometimes death among a nation's workforce. What are these hazards and can they be prevented?

While it is certainly not desirable to have any foreign particles entering the lungs, some dusts are more dangerous than others. A stonemason who works only with marble and inhales its dust has practically no chance of getting lung disease, but if he were chipping away at sandstone, the risk of lung disease and death caused by the dust would be very great. The reason for these differences is not fully understood. However, there are many dusts such as asbestos, that are a special danger and can cause cancer of the lung and the pleura (lining of the lung), as well as the disabling disease asbestosis. However, the use of asbestos in industry is now strictly controlled.

Only children have advantages and disadvantages. They have their parents' undivided support and attention but it may take them longer to adjust to the company of other children of their own age.

No. Many children have imaginary friends. If your son has invented Robin, it is because he needs the company of a constant companion as well as that of loving parents. Accept 'Robin', make him welcome, and also encourage your son to make real friends.

Orthopaedics is the surgical speciality which treats diseases and injuries to bones and soft tissues. Orthopaedic surgeons deal with a wide range of problems - from sprains to replacing entire joints.

Clearly a mechanical replacement cannot compete with the perfection of a normal knee joint. There will be some limitation of movement, particularly in the twisting action that knees are able to perform and that the hinge of the replacement joint will not. However, you need have no worry about its strength.

As an integral part of the mouth, the palate helps us break up food. It also plays a crucial role in subtly changing the shape of the mouth to create enormous variety in the sounds and character of speech.

In a normal baby the proper knitting together of the bones which forms the palate takes place early on during the foetus's life in the womb. Being born prematurely makes no difference at all to the structure of a baby's mouth. So if a baby is destined to have a cleft palate it will have one whether or not it is born before due date.

The minute parathyroids are among the most important glands in the body. They produce a hormone called PTH which is vital for maintaining the delicately balanced quantities of calcium in the bloodstream.

When the kidneys stop working properly they may release large amounts of calcium into the urine. The parathyroid glands will make the normal response: they will put out more PTH in order to maintain a satisfactory level of calcium in the blood. Over a few months or years, however, they may be working so hard that they no longer respond properly and start to put the calcium level up too high. A small tumour might even develop; so its necessary to remove some parathyroid tissue to bring calcium levels under control.

The power of penicillin to destroy bacteria and combat potentially fatal infections has made it one of the most valuable drugs used in medicine today.

The body itself does not build up a resistance to penicillin, although the body will produce anti-bodies that will attact it. It is the bacteria that the penicillin attacks that becomes resistant and some are capable of producing an enzyme - penicillinase - that inactivates penicillin.

Perspiration is one of the most under-rated of the vital functions of the body: without this built-in thermostat, we would over-heat and eventually die.

This is one of the more interesting sides to perspiration. Fluid loss from the body is a delicate balance between loss through perspiration, loss of water vapour from the lungs, and loss through faeces and urine. When you get cold, you lose very little liquid through perspiration, and have to make up the balance through extra loss in urine.

Physiotherapy is all about mobility. A form of physical exercise, it uses manipulation and massage, plus a variety of other methods, to give relief from pain and restore movement where there has been injury or disease.

Your friend is correct. Some physiotherapists specialize in manipulation and their work is similar to osteopaths who treat skeletal disorders, but physiotherapy covers a wider spere of medical practice, and physiotherapists work as part of the health care team.

Pityriasis rosea is a fairly common but harmless irritating skin rash. No treatment is necessary and it usually clears up by itself in a month or two.

For a long time researchers thought this was so. They noticed that many of those developing pityriasis rosea had recently bought new clothes or had put on clothes that had been stored for a long time. It was thought that a bug living in the stored clothing must be spreading the disease. The statistics. though, don't support the theory - probably, the myth merely reflected the fact that pityriasis rosea is more common in winter.

Pneumoconiosis is a debilitating lung disease that is caused by inhaling mineral dust. It is a particular hazard for miners and quarry workers.

No. There is a considerable variation in the kinds of pneumoconiosis, and this will be quite evident from a chest X-ray. Ordinary pneumoconiosis will show up on these X-rays as a fine speckling, irrespective of whether there are symptoms. Indeed with coal miners there may be no symptoms, or very few. The sort of changes in the lungs will vary considerably according to the sort of coal that is being mined.

For a great many mothers a bout of 'baby blues' follows the major event of giving birth - and for some a severe depression sets in. This is when sensitivity and support from those around the mother are vital.

Accept the fact without feeling guilty about it. It is no personal reflection on you: thousands of other women suffer in the same way. Seek help from family and close friends. If the symptoms are seriously affecting your life, consult your doctor.

Pre-menstrual tension, or PMT, can make a woman's life a misery prior to menstruation. Medical treatment can relieve some symptoms but self-help and understanding from friends can also alleviate much of the distress.

Return to your doctor and tell him that his suggestions has not helped. He may then be able to refer you to a specialist or a clinic for investigation and treatment. If he refuses to help it might be worthwhile going to see another doctor.

Thanks to the development of new technology and to improved surgical techniques, many parts of the body, from arms to heart valves, can now be replaced. These replacement devices are called prostheses.

If you are having severe symptoms, a hip replacement would give you dramatic relief of pain and symptoms. It is a big, but quite routine operation, and the overall results are very good indeed. Your life could be completely transformed.

Puberty is the general name given to a range of physical changes which mark the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood. Tipically, it is a time of emotional upheaval for boys and girls alike.

Ideally, children of different sexes should have separate rooms by the time puberty approaches. This is not only because of the sexual changes that take place during these years, but also because this is an age at which privacy, and with it the chance of individual mental development, is vital to later emotional balance.

Children's questions are many and varied, and deserve to be answered honestly. Their directness will floor you at times but may well prompt you into looking afresh at things you have taken for granted for years.

There is no 'best' age: children need to be given this sort of information many times. At different ages they will pick up and remember those items which are important to them then, and which they are capable of understanding, so don't expect your nine-year-old to retain a complete memory of the explanation you gave her at five.

Parents often find the easiest and most natural way is simply to answer their child's questions as they arise. But if for some reason your child doesn't ask such questions you can probably find some tactful way of introducing the subject. But whatever you do, don't launch into a long lecture. The main thing is that your child should feel easy and comfortable discussing such things with you. With a young child try to keep explanations simple and on a personal basis. You want your child to know that you see sex as something positive and caring: he will absorb plenty of other views from television and advertising, unfortunately.

It is a good idea to give your child some explanation before he starts school; otherwise he may pick up some extremely strange ideas from other children. Later you can check with the school to see what is included in lessons and where you need to give additional information. It is most important that your child should feel he can ask you anything at any stage, so try always to be receptive to his questions.

The ability to read is a necessary skill in our society; parents can prepare their child for reading by providing a stimulating environment in which books are familiar objects and reading is a pleasure and not a chore.

It is quite common for children under emotional stress to fall behind at school, usually because they are really too anxious to cope. As long as you and the teacher are aware of your daughter's feelings and give her plenty of support and encouragement she will probably catch up as things become more stable at home. But if after a few months you are still worried about her school progress, have a word with the school or with your doctor. Perhaps your daughter needs a little extra outside help in coming to terms with the new situation.

We can all benefit from having some form of relaxation in our daily lives. Getting rid of the mental and physical tensions that build up unconsciously during a busy day is an essential part of keeping fit.

Yes. Doctors sometimes recommend a alchoholic drink, every day, to heart patients or other people who are suffering from tension-related illnesses. Alcohol dilates, or widens, the blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the muscles and this is a relaxant in itself. Alcohol also acts as a brain relaxant.

In the past, this disease almost inevitably led to crippling deformities of the joints. Now, with early diagnosis and treatment, such disablement can very often be avoided.

When a joint becomes inflamed fluid leaks out of the synovial membrane that lines the joint space and this collects in the joint cavity. The fluid is also called a effusion and it is this that causes the joint to swell. If the joint is large and a larger effusion is present then it is often possible to remove the fluid with a needle and syringe. This can give the patient considerable relief from pain and stiffness in that joint.

Inflammation of the Fallopian tubes often respond well to antibiotics, but a severe case can cause infertility. Any infection in a woman's reproductive organs should therefore be treated immediately.

Yes, there are three main tests that can be done. However, it is important that they are done after the infection has been cured, otherwise they may make the infection worse. One test is called hysterosallopinogram; this involves X-ray screening to see if a dye that has been injected through the cervix will spill out of both Fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity, or whether the tube is obstructed.

A test called a tubal insufflation may be done. This involves passing carbon dioxide through the cervix and noting any rise in gas pressure which will indicate blocked tubes. Finally, an instrument called a laparoscope may be used to look directly into the womb, ovaries and tubes. A blue dye can be injected through the cervix at the same time which will spill out of the Fallopian tubes if they are open.

Sharp stabbing pains down the leg and difficulties in moving can be signs of sciatica. Fortunately, there are various forms of treatment for this common condition - but bed-rest is usually all that is required.

Probably not. If your doctor has ordered this test, he is probably doing so in order to locate the disc that is causing the pain. He then may seek advice as to whether an operation would help, or whether he ought to continue with the medical treatment.

A septic condition arises when infection gets into the body's tissues. It is fortunately no longer the serious hazard it once was, since it can be treated satisfactorily, and even more easily prevented.

When treating sepsis, it is important to let pus drain out rather than letting it get trapped inside. Frequently a drainage procedure or lancing may be needed to achieve this. Salt water baths are also useful in this respect. The high salt concentration draws water out of the inflamed area, making the tissues collapse and squeeze out the pus and infection. This drying effect renders the dead tissue less susceptible to further infection, since the germs cannot spread easily, and at the same time the water washes away the infection.

The person who is pale, cold and clammy after an accident is almost certainly likely to be suffering from shock. Speedy treatment by blood transfusion can often be a lifesaver to the gravely ill shock victim.

No, your grandfather almost certainly had what is called septicaemic shock. This means that a bacterium found its way into the blood at the time of the operation and caused an infection. There is little that the surgeon can do to guard against this, and it is a recognized risk of surgical interference with the urinary system. Fortunately, if the shock is noticed early, it should respond to treatment with antibiotics.

We never think of it as such, but the skin is an organ - in fact the largest we possess. It not only protects us from injury and infection, it keeps the body's temperature and moisture content stable at all times.

Most ill health is made worse by emotional upsets and the skin is no exception, but because it is visible patients with skin disease are more disturbed by their complaint than patients with other disorders. Emotion can alter the state of the skin's irritability and sweating mechanisms. Conditions where these factors are paticularly important, such as eczema, will be aggravated by unhappiness, anxiety or depression.

Most cases of cancer of the cervix - the neck of the womb - could be avoided if all women had regular smear tests. This simple procedure detects pre-cancerous conditions at an early enough stage for effective treatment.

No woman should ever ignore this complaint, since it may be due to cancer of the cervix, or a pre-cancerous state. You must see your doctor to exclude these possibilities, which are fortunately rare. Bleeding after sexual intercourse is more likely to be caused by less serious conditions such as cervical polyps.

The word spastic has unfortunately become a slang term for a clumsy, stupid person. In fact, spastic people have cerebral palsy - a disabling disease, but one that may well not affect the individual's intelligence.

A number of factors can cause speech difficulties in people with cerebral palsy. First, it is possible that the speech centre of the brain is damaged. Second, a lack of good muscle control makes it hard to regulate breathing and form words. Third, some people who find it very difficult to control their speech production become tense when they try to speak, and this exacerbates the problem. Speech therapy can help enormously but the best help can come from the listener.

Embarrassment or discomfort on your part wont help so try to remember that the person speaking is thinking just as quickly as you but is prevented from speaking normally by physical factors.

Getting a splinter is a very common experience and often trivial. But as it can cause infection or damage to tissues it should be dealt with promptly.

Splinters or fragments in the eye must be treated with great care as the danger of causing further further damage is considerable and could have very serious results. First, stop the victim from rubbing his or her eye. Second, flood the eye with a steady flow of water, at the same time getting the patient to blink rapidly. If the object is on the centre and does not come away with washing, make no further attempt to remove it. Take the patient to hospital as soon as possible.

If the splinter is not visible, sit down facing the patient and slowly draw the lower eyelid outwards and downwards while he looks up. If you still do not see it, repeat with the upper eyelid. When you see the object, try removing it using the corner of a clean hankerchief or a twist of cotton wool. If it does not come away easily, do not persist, and never attempt to use tweezers to get the object out. Again, take the patient to hospital so that a doctor can deal with the problem.

Childhood theft - whether shop-lifting or pilfering loose change at home - will rightly concern any responsible parent. But remember that if the phase is handled both tactfully and firmly, it is soon outgrown.

Nothing has gone wrong and it is almost certain that basically your daughter is happy and stable. But rightt now it probably feels to her as if her world has been turned upside down. For so many years she has been an only child, and now suddenly she has to share her parents' affection with an outsider, a new baby. Her stealing is probably an attempt to attrack your attention and while you should not condone it, do go out of your way to show her as much love and affection as possible.

Take a special interest in her schoolwork and praise her for doing well; invite her friends round; make sure you spend time alone with her and encourage your husband to do the same. Above all, let her know how much she is valued. She will soon cease to resent the baby and will realize that she does not have to compete for your attention.

A device for washing out harmful substances from the stomach before they have been absorbed, the stomach pump is used most often in cases of drug overdose.

Provided they get to hospital alive after taking the overdose, most people survive as long as they are handled properly and their vital functions are given adequate supportive treatment. Survival also depends on the nature of the drugs they have used.

A sublingual drug is one that is dissolved under the tongue. The medication is absorbed directly by the blood vessels and acts rapidly to relieve symptoms.

The angina tablets are trinitrin, and these work by dilating (widening) blood vessels. The headache results from this wide dilatation of the vessels surrounding the brain, and it is a very common side-effect. The trick is to persevere with the tablets, but to spit them out when they are half dissolved so that less of the drug reaches the bloodstream. This reduced amount may well be enough to relieve the angina, without causing a headache. Trial and error will be needed for a while until your mother gets the amount right.

Medical knowledge and techniques are continually advancing, and nowhere with more dramatic effect than in surgery. Today's surgeon is a highly skilled specialist capable of hitherto impossible feats.

This type of tube, known as a nasogastric tube, passes through the nose into the stomach. It is used to remove the secretions from the stomach before they have built up. It is commonly used after operations on the abdomen, and is left in place for two or three days until the interstines are working normally again and the patient can start eating and digesting food.

Of all the venereal diseases, syphilis is the most dangerous, for if it goes undetected it may eventually cause disablement or death. It is therefore imperative to seek immediate medical attention if the disease is suspected.

For three main reasons. First, because it is potentially the most serious of the sexually transmitted diseases; it may lead to death in 5 to 10% of untreated patients, or to permanent disability. Second, because it is very difficult to identify in the early stages except by a doctor, and this is the only time at which a cure can be certain. Third, because if it does escape detection the patient has what is virtually a life sentence of uncertainty and worry about if, when and where the condition may strike since it is able to affect almost all the systems in the body, especially the heart and the brain.

We have all heard of vitamins and know they are essential for good health. But what are they, what do they do and, among them, just how important is vitamin A?

Vitamins are organic substances present in minute amounts in food. Put simply, they help make our bodies wordk. Because they cannot be made by the body, vitamins must be obtained from the diet. We require only very small amounts of them, but they are absolutely essential to normal metabolism, and a serious deficiency will inevitably lead to disease.

Most people have heard of the adrenal glands, but few would claim to know where they are and what they do. They are, in fact, vital to many of the body's normal functions - and are paticularly necessary to us in resisting infection and coping with stress.

If your excess weight is distributed evenly all over your whole body, the answer must be no. There is only one disease of the adrenals which gives rise to obesity: Cushing's syndrome - and this is extremely rare. It is very easy to spot because there is an obviously uneven distribution of fat on the body: the arms and legs remain thin and fat is concentrated on the chestand abdomen. If you really want to get to the root of your obesity, the first thing you must do is to go and see your doctor.  

The arteries carry blood containing nourishment and oxygen to all parts of the body. Artery disease is therefore very dangerous, so preventive measures are essential and early treatment vital.

This does appear to be so, for several reasons. Firstly, female hormones seem to protect women from atheroma (the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, which can cause blockages); after the menopause, with its fall in the level of hormone production, atheroma increases. Secondly, until recently, more men smoked than women, but now the pattern is altering and, as a result, the number of women suffering from atheroma before and after the menopause is rising. The conclusion is obvious: give up smoking.

Autism is a distressing mental disability, but specialist teaching and a constructive approach can do much to help autistic children and adults.

A few autistic people do improve to this extent, but they remain inevitably a source of concern. Their difficulties do not arise from the work itself, which they can usually handle with ease, but from the social situations which arise before and after work, which distress and confuse them. But autistic people can earn a living as builders' labourers, accountancy clerks and piano tuners - all occupations demanding attention to detail without adding the burden of heavy responsibility.

Bathing is a hygienic neccesity and a relaxing event. Bathing a baby has delights of its own, while making a patient comfortable with a bed bath is a valuable task.

There is little risk in a sauna for people in good health. However, some people should not use a sauna without first asking their doctor's advice. These include expectant mothers, those with high blood pressure, respiratory or heart conditions. People who have recently been ill or are on a strict diet should not expose themselves to heat for long stretches. The important thing is not to use a sauna for more than 5 or 10 minutes at a time until you are used to the heat and its effects.

Blackouts range from a simple faint to a loss of consciousness. Usually their cause is not serious and recovery is quick.

If the blackouts are like to be recurrent and unpredictable, driving a car would clearly be hazardous for both the driver and the public. In the UK, epileptics are debarred by law from driving unless they have had a period of 3 years without a fit during waking hours. Full medical reports are required and each case is considered individually.

Blushes have an unfortunate way of occuring when we least want them to - when embarrassed or angry, for example. But what are the physical causes?

Rehearse in your mind every day all your achievements, however small, and firmly put down to experience the things that went wrong. It is a natural human tendency to exaggerate the importance of the qualities we lack, and belittle those we have - so try to keep things in perspective and you will become more confident.

Every woman should understand her body in order to stay healthy - the breasts are very important and regular self-examination is essential to ensure that all is well.

This is just something you will have to put up with, for doctors are reluctant to recommend surgery to remove breast tissue unless the problem of breast size is causing a severe psychological disturbance. If you are above average weight, try going on a diet which may help you to lose some of the excess fat in your breasts. In the meantime it might help to choose clothes that flatten your figure rather than overemphasizing your shape, and wear a well-fitting bra.

A Caesarean birth is a safe, speedy operation carried out when the life of mother or baby is at risk.

First, having a Caesarean is not a failure on your part. You did your best and the operation was a necessity beyond your control. Women who have Caesarens should be applauded for their success in coping with their recovery and a tiny baby as well. It is quite natural to be depressed following any major operation, especially a Caesaren, when the body is undergoing hormonal changes as well as healing. In fact, some women are temporarily depressed following natural childbirth because of this upset in hormones.

It is also understandable not to feel affection for the baby all the time when you are tired and probably have some discomfort. Talk things over with your health visitor; she can put you in touch with an association for mothers suffering from post-natal depression.

This is a minor illness that can be passed from animals to man - although the domestic cat may not neccessarily be the culprit! But accurate diagnosis is important as the symptoms resemble more serious complaints.

She can certainly go back to school, as other people cannot catch cat-scratch fever from an affected person - the virus has to be introduced into the skin wia a scratch, prick or deep abrasion.

Colitis is unpleasant and debilitating. But while chronic colitis can become serious, and a long-term problem, acute colitis is usually easy to treat.

If you are certain that you are not merely suffering from a stomach upset, and that specific foods trigger off diarrhoea, then you may be allergic to them and possibly be suffering from acute colitis. If the diarrhoea is constant, possibly contains mucus, pus and blood and you are dehydrated and anaemic, then you should be examined by your doctor for chronic colitis. The lining of the colon is examined by a colonoscope: if you have chronic colitis, the appearance will resemble red velvet and bleed readily on contact.

Corns are so common that most people have them at some time in their lives. They can usually be treated at home or, if severe, by a chiropodist.

Aside from ensuring that your shoes fit properly, you should pare the hard skin on your feet down to a minimum as a hard area of corny skin will produce a blister beneath it if the rubbing or friction is severe enough.

Facing death, be it our own or that of a close relative or friend, is a distressing experience. Rather than being fearful of the unknown, it is better to acquaint ourselves with this most basic process.

This is a very difficult question to answer. So much depends on the person involved. Some people might despair if they were told, while others would take it calmly.

However, this is not something you can risk doing without talking to your family doctor, priest and other family members.

However desirable peace and tranquillity are, the fact is that many of us, for a variety of reasons, often feel tense and anxious. Tranquillizers are sometimes prescribed to restore calmness and help us to cope.

It is possible to become addicted to tranquillizers, but serious addiction is rare. Moreover, drug addicts do not usually turn to them when they run short of the drugs they are addicted to. However, there is a degree of dependence in people who are taking them regularly, so that on stopping there may be disturbed sleep or nightmares. You need not depend on them for the rest of your life, and if the dose is reduced gradually, then no withdrawal symptoms should occur.

One of modern medicine's more recent marvels is the use of very high-pitched sound to investigate the interior of the body. Ultrasound has added a wonderfully effective weapon to the doctor's diagnostic armoury.

Ultrasonography is a good way of following the progress of patients like your friend because it is harmless and gives a clear view of the transplant. Two important complications which can be detected with ultrasound are rejection and obstruction of the kidney. Without ultrasound, frequent X-ray examinations would have to be made, with much greater risk.

For those people suffering from duodenal ulcers, a vagotomy can be a lasting solution, effectively reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach lining.

Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that any operation for a duodenal ulcer will have 100% success. However, a properly performed vagotomy should give a long-term sucess rate of well over 80%.

Inhibiting and often embarrassing, warts are quite harmless growths that can make youth a time of misery. But they will go - whether through medical treatment, 'magic' incantations or simply when they are ready.

Verrucae are simply warts on the sole of the foot, although the virus that causes them is actually slightly different from the one that causes ordinary warts. They look rather different from warts elsewhere on the body because they tend to be pressed into the foot and are usually surrounded or partly covered by a thick layer of skin.

A kidney machine can perform many of the functions of a real kidney, so ensuring that those suffering from kidney failure can lead active lives, even though their condition requires medical supervision.

Probably yes, unless a suitable kidney can be found for transplantation. But many people have found that they can adapt their way of life accordingly, and may prefer dialysis to a transplant.

The use of lasers in medicine and surgery is an exciting new development, still relatively experimental. Laser treatment of diabetic eye disease, however, already has an excellent success record.

No, only a small proportion. And diabetics have regular check-ups, partly to keep abreast of any trouble in the eyes and, as a result, the treatment is usually started in good time, with excellent results.

A serious illness that can be transmitted from infected dogs, rats and farm animals. Leptospirosis usually affects sewage, farm and abattoir workers. But with swift treatment, recovery is possible.

Domesticated pet mice are virtually never carriers of leptospirosis, but any wild rodent such as field mice or wild house mice could be carriers and transmit infection to your family. If your son brings home one of these, cover and protect food, and arrange for the creature to be destroyed.

From time to time we all need to lift heavy loads - a task which can be made a lot easier, and safer, if we know how to tackle the job properly.

Weight-lifting makes a lot of use of the muscles in the abdomen wall. Although these are very strong, they are still at risk of rupturing. If you have a bad back then the chances are that you are compensating by using your tummy muscles more, and a supportive belt would help. They are available from sports shops.

Hearing happens automatically: listening to what we hear - paying attention to it - is an extraordinarily selective process. But we can all learn to be good listeners.

When others come and talk to you, you both set up a situation in which you are the understanding, wise and confident person who does not yet have the solution to the problem. However, it is difficult for you to reverse those roles so that they are the wise ones and you are the worried. The solution is to talk to someone who has not previously confided in you.

A lumbar puncture is used to remove spinal fluid for examination. It is particularly useful in diagnosing meningitis and is a safe and usually pain-free procedure.

When a large amount of spinal fluid is withdrawn, there is some movement in the pain-sensing coverings of the brain. Until the fluid is made up again by the formation of new liquid, there is sometimes a headache. This is why patients are encouraged to remain lying flat and to drink plenty of liquids. This treatment usually works very well.

When a man's behaviour alters considerably in middle age, this is often referred to as the 'male menopause'. But anxiety about growing older is the usual cause - not any hormonal changes - and reassurance is all that is needed.

No. The hormonal changes that occur in a woman at the menopause can be quite dramatic: hormone production diminishes unevenly and finally settles at a lower level within 2 or 3 years. In men, hormone production starts to decrease very slowly at about the age of 40 and goes on doing so slowly over the next 20 to 30 years. In any case, adult men produce about 10 times as much male sex hormone as they need, so the gradual decline seldom bears much relation to their sexual behaviour.

The loss of a breast can be a distressing experience for a woman. But, given time and the support of family and friends, most women who have had mastectomies find that they can lead happy, active and fulfilling lives.

If it is the idea of baldness that worries you, then you can put your mind at rest. Some people do lose their hair temporarily while undergoing chemotherapy, but it does grow back.

Aromatherapy's benefits occur as the oils are absorbed through the skin and the inhaled scent reaches the brain. Never apply undiluted oils to the skin as they are likely to cause irrita­tion. If you have sensitive skin, apply a little diluted oil and leave overnight to determine if it's safe to use. Essential oils should al... more

Aromachology and Aromatherapy both promote the positive effects of fragrance on mood and emotion but that may be where the similarity ends. References in commercial writing often blur their distinctions leaving many readers confused.   Aromachology is the scientific study of the effects of fragrance on human psychology and behavior. more

Aromachology is the study of aromas. However, it doesn’t just stop there because the study tries to find out the benefits of pleasant smells to man. A more accurate, acceptable and encompassing definition is therefore needed. Thus Aromacholog... more

Acupressure (a blend of "acupuncture" and "pressure") is a complementary medicine technique derived from acupuncture. In acupressure physical pressure is applied to acupuncture points by the hand, elbow, or with various devices. Traditional Chinese medicine's (TCM) acupuncture theory predates use of the scientific method... more

Acupuncture - The procedure of inserting and manipulating needles into various points on the body to relieve pain or for therapeutic purposes.The earliest written record of acupuncture is the Chinese text Shiji (史記, English: Records of the Grand Historian) with elaboration of its history in the second century BCE medical text Huangdi Neijing ... more

Reflexology (zone therapy) is an alternative medicine, complementary, or integrated medicine method of treatment involving the physical act of applying pressure to the feet and hand with specific thumb, finger and hand techniques without the use of oil or lotion. It is based on a system of zones and reflex areas that reflect an image of the... more

Reflex Stimulation - Moro reflex - The Moro reflex in a four-day-old infant: 1) the reflex is initiated by pulling the infant up from the floor and then releasing him ; 2) he spreads his arms 3) he pulls his arms in ; 4) he cries (10 seconds) The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is one of th infantile reflexes. It may be observed in incomplete form in prem... more

Primitive reflexes - Reflex actions originating in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants but not neurologically intact adults, in response to particular stimuli. These reflexes disappear or are inhibited by the frontal lobes as a child moves through normal child development. These primitive reflexes are also called infantile, infant or newborn... more

Breastfeeding - The feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female human breasts (i.e., via lactation rather than from a baby bottle or other container. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. Most mothers can breastfeed for six months or more, without the addition of infant formula or solid food. Huma... more

Primitive reflexes - Reflex actions originating in the central nervous system that are exhibited by normal infants but not neurologically intact adults, in response to particular stimuli. These reflexes disappear or are inhibited by the frontal lobes as a child moves through normal child development. These primitive reflexes are also called infantile, infant or newborn... more

Reflex Stimulation - Moro reflex - The Moro reflex in a four-day-old infant: 1) the reflex is initiated by pulling the infant up from the floor and then releasing him ; 2) he spreads his arms 3) he pulls his arms in ; 4) he cries (10 seconds) The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is one of th infantile reflexes. It may be observed in incomplete form in prem... more

Breastfeeding - The feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female human breasts (i.e., via lactation rather than from a baby bottle or other container. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk. Most mothers can breastfeed for six months or more, without the addition of infant formula or solid food.  more

From the moment you wake up in the morning to the time you go to sleep at night, your eyes are acting like a video camera. Everything you look at is then sent to your brain for processing and storage much like a video cassette. This is a very simplified explanation, but as you read on, you will discover why the sense of sight is actually considered the most complex of the five senses.

How Your Eyes Work
Take a moment to locate an object around you. Do you know how you are able to see it? Would you believe that what you are actually seeing are beams of light bouncing off of the object and into your eyes? It is hard to believe, but it is true. The light rays enter the eye through the cornea, which is a thick, transparent protective layer on the surface of your eye. Then the light rays pass through the pupil (the dark circle in the center of your eye) and into the lens.

When light rays pass through your pupil, the muscle called the iris (colored ring) makes the size of the pupil change depending on the amount of light that's available. You may have noticed this with your own eye if you have looked at it closely in a mirror. If there is too much light, your pupil will shrink to limit the number of light rays that enter. Likewise, if there is very little light available, the pupil will enlarge to let in as many light rays as it can. Just behind the pupil is the lens and it focuses the image through a jelly-like substance called the vitreous humor onto the back surface of the eyeball, called the retina.

The retina, which is the size of your thumbnail, is filled with approximately 150 million light-sensitive cells called rods and cones. Rods identify shapes and work best in dim light. Cones on the other hand, identify color and work best in bright light. Both of these types of cells then send the information to the brain by way of the optic nerve. The amazing thing is, when they send the image to the brain, the image is upside down! It is the brain's job to turn the image rightside up and then tell you what you are looking at. The brain does this in a specific place called the visual cortex.

Protection
Because the eye is such an important and complex part of our body, we have many features which protect the eye. The eyebrows are the strips of hair above your eyes which prevent sweat from running into them. Eyelashes help keep the eye clean by collecting small dirt and dust particles floating through the air. The eyelashes also protect the eye from the sun's and other light's glare. The eyelids sweep dirt from the surface of the eye. The eyelid also protects the eye from injury. Tears are sterile drops of clean water which constantly bathe the front of the eye,keeping it clean and moist.

Imperfect Eyesight
Not all people have perfect vision. People who can see things up close, but not far away are considered to be nearsighted. This happens when the light entering the eye focuses on a point in front of the retina. On the other hand, people who can see far away objects but not those that are up close are farsighted. Farsightedness occurs when the light that enters the eye focuses on a point behind the retina. Whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted, glasses or contacts help that person to see things much more clearly!

Sense-sational facts

Most people blink every 2-10 seconds.

Each time you blink, you shut your eyes for 0.3 seconds, which means your eyes are closed at least 30 minutes a day just from blinking.

If you only had one eye, everything would appear two-dimensional. (This does not work just by closing one eye.)

Owls can see a mouse moving over 150 feet away with light no brighter than a candle.

The reason cat's and dog's eyes glow at night is because of silver mirrors in the back of their eyes called the tapetum. This makes it easier for them to see at night.

An ostrich has eyes that are two inches across. Each eye weighs more than the brain.

A chameleon's eyes can look in opposite directions at the same time.

A newborn baby sees the world upside down because it takes some time for the baby's brain to learn to turn the picture right-side up.

One in every twelve males is color blind.

http://library.thinkquest.org/3750/sight/sight.html

Senses are the physiological capacities within organisms that provide inputs for perception. The senses and their operation, classification, and theory are overlapping topics studied by a variety of fields, most notably neuroscience, cognitive psychology (or cognitive science), and philosophy of perception. The nervous system has a specific sensory system or organ, dedicated to each sense.

Definition

There is no firm agreement among neurologists as to the number of senses because of differing definitions of what constitutes a sense. One definition states that an exteroceptive sense is a faculty by which outside stimuli are perceived.The traditional five senses are sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste, a classification attributed to Aristotle. Humans are considered to have at least five additional senses that include: nociception (pain); equilibrioception (balance); proprioception and kinaesthesia (joint motion and acceleration); sense of time; thermoception (temperature differences); and possibly an additional weak magnetoception (direction), and six more if interoceptive senses (see other internal senses below) are also considered.

One commonly recognized categorisation for human senses is as follows: chemoreception; photoreception; mechanoreception; and thermoception. This categorisation has been criticized as too restrictive, however, as it does not include categories for accepted senses such as the sense of time and sense of pain.

Non-human animals may possess senses that are absent in humans, such as electroreception and detection of polarized light.

A broadly acceptable definition of a sense would be "A system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that responds to a specific physical phenomenon, and that corresponds to a particular group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and interpreted." Disputes about the number of senses typically arise around the classification of the various cell types and their mapping to regions of the brain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense

No, there are more than 5 senses.

Sight

Sight or vision is the ability of the brain and eye to detect electromagnetic waves within the visible range of (light) and, in some cases, determine between varying colors, hues, and brightness. There is some disagreement as to whether this constitutes one, two or three senses. Neuroanatomists generally regard it as two senses, given that different receptors are responsible for the perception of colour (the frequency of photons of light) and brightness (amplitude/intensity - number of photons of light). Some argue that stereopsis, the perception of depth, also constitutes a sense, but it is generally regarded as a cognitive (that is, post-sensory) function of brain to interpret sensory input and to derive new information. The inability to see is called blindness.

Hearing

Hearing or audition is the sense of sound perception. Since sound is vibrations propagating through a medium such as air, the detection of these vibrations, that is the sense of the hearing, is a mechanical sense because these vibrations are mechanically conducted from the eardrum through a series of tiny bones to hair-like fibers in the inner ear which detect mechanical motion of the fibers within a range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz, with substantial variation between individuals. Hearing at high frequencies declines with age. Sound can also be detected as vibrations conducted through the body by tactition. Lower frequencies than that can be heard are detected this way. The inability to hear is called deafness.

Taste

Taste or gustation is one of the two main "chemical" senses. There are at least four types of tastes that "buds" (receptors) on the tongue detect, and hence there are anatomists who argue that these constitute five or more different senses, given that each receptor conveys information to a slightly different region of the brain^. The inability to taste is called ageusia.

The four well-known receptors detect sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, although the receptors for sweet and bitter have not been conclusively identified. A fifth receptor, for a sensation called umami, was first theorised in 1908 and its existence confirmed in 2000. The umami receptor detects the amino acid glutamate, a flavour commonly found in meat and in artificial flavourings such as monosodium glutamate.

Note: that taste is not the same as flavour; flavour includes the smell of a food as well as its taste.

Smell

Smell or olfaction is the other "chemical" sense. Unlike taste, there are hundreds of olfactory receptors, each binding to a particular molecular feature. Odor molecules possess a variety of features and thus excite specific receptors more or less strongly. This combination of excitatory signals from different receptors makes up what we perceive as the molecule's smell. In the brain, olfaction is processed by the olfactory system. Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose differ from most other neurons in that they die and regenerate on a regular basis. The inability to smell is called anosmia. Some neurons in the nose are specialized to detect pheromones.

Touch

Touch, also called tactition or mechanoreception, is a perception resulting from activation of neural receptors, generally in the skin including hair follicles, but also in the tongue, throat, and mucosa. A variety of pressure receptors respond to variations in pressure (firm, brushing, sustained, etc.). The touch sense of itching caused by insect bites or allergies involves special itch-specific neurons in the skin and spinal cord. The loss or impairment of the ability to feel anything touched is called tactile anesthesia. Paresthesia is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin that may result from nerve damage and may be permanent or temporary.

Balance and acceleration

Balance, equilibrioception, or vestibular sense is the sense which allows an organism to sense body movement, direction, and acceleration, and to attain and maintain postural equilibrium and balance. The organ of equilibrioception is the vestibular labyrinthine system found in both of the inner ears. Technically this organ is responsible for two senses of angular momentum and linear acceleration (which also senses gravity), but they are known together as equilibrioception.

The vestibular nerve conducts information from sensory receptors in three ampulla that sense motion of fluid in three semicircular canals caused by three-dimensional rotation of the head. The vestibular nerve also conducts information from the utricle and the saccule which contain hair-like sensory receptors that bend under the weight of otoliths (which are small crystals of calcium carbonate) that provide the inertia needed to detect head rotation, linear acceleration, and the direction of gravitational force.

Temperature

Thermoception is the sense of heat and the absence of heat (cold) by the skin and including internal skin passages, or rather, the heat flux (the rate of heat flow) in these areas. There are specialized receptors for cold (declining temperature) and to heat. The cold receptors play an important part in the dogs sense of smell, telling wind direction, the heat receptors are sensitive to infrared radiation and can occur in specialized organs for instance in pit vipers. The thermoceptors in the skin are quite different from the homeostatic thermoceptors in the brain (hypothalamus) which provide feedback on internal body temperature.

Kinesthetic sense

Proprioception, the kinesthetic sense, provides the parietal cortex of the brain with information on the relative positions of the parts of the body. Neurologists test this sense by telling patients to close their eyes and touch the tip of a finger to their nose. Assuming proper proprioceptive function, at no time will the person lose awareness of where the hand actually is, even though it is not being detected by any of the other senses. Proprioception and touch are related in subtle ways, and their impairment results in surprising and deep deficits in perception and action.

Pain

Nociception (physiological pain) signals near-damage or damage to tissue. The three types of pain receptors are cutaneous (skin), somatic (joints and bones) and visceral (body organs). It was previously believed that pain was simply the overloading of pressure receptors, but research in the first half of the 20th century indicated that pain is a distinct phenomenon that intertwines with all of the other senses, including touch. Pain was once considered an entirely subjective experience, but recent studies show that pain is registered in the anterior cingulate gyrus of the brain.

Direction

Magnetoception (or magnetoreception) is the ability to detect the direction one is facing based on the Earth's magnetic field. Directional awareness is most commonly observed in birds, though it is also present to a limited extent in humans. It has also been observed in insects such as bees. Although there is no dispute that this sense exists in many avians (it is essential to the navigational abilities of migratory birds), it is not a well-understood phenomenon. One study has found that cattle make use of magnetoception, as they tend to align themselves in a north-south direction. Magnetotactic bacteria build miniature magnets inside themselves and use them to determine their orientation relative to the Earth's magnetic field.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense

Taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense

”Sight words” is the term for words that readers should recognize instantly. Recognition is important because sight words are so frequently used—making up, by some estimates, 50 to 75 percent of all words that children are likely to encounter. It is also important because many of them do not sound as they are spelled, making them difficult to sound out using knowledge of phonics. Having the sight words within his or her repertoire gives the child a better chance to grapple with more difficult and infrequent words without losing the sense of what is being read.

The sight words include commonly used words—words that are ubiquitous and important to understanding. Two lists that help educators and parents identify these words and give them the attention they deserve are the Dolch List of Basic Sight Words and Fry’s 300 Instant Sight Words. Both lists are available on the National Institute for Literacy website.

The Dolch List, by E. W. Dolch, includes 220 words in decreasing order of frequency that account for the proportion of our language quoted above. The top ten words from the Dolch list as published in Locating and correcting reading difficulties by J. Shanker and E. Ekwall in 1998 are:

• the
• to
• and
• he
• a
• I
• you
• it
• of
• in

Fry’s Instant Words is actually a list by E. B. Fry, J. E. Kress, and D. L. Fountoukidis and was published in The Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, 3rd edition in 1993. The list is divided into hundreds and is in frequency order (although it is reordered alphabetically in some republications). the Fry List gives the top ten words as:

• the
• of
• and
• a
• to
• in
• is
• you
• that
• it

Visit http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-sight-words.htm for full information.

Vibratese - 2010-08-11
A method of communication through touch. It was developed by F. A. Geldard, 1957. It is a tactile system based on both practical considerations and on results from a set of controlled psychophysical experiments.

Touch - as described in Anatomy and Physiology - 2010-08-11
The somatosensory system is a diverse sensory system comprising the receptors and processing centres to produce the sensory modalities such as touch, temperature, proprioception (body position), and nociception (pain). The sensory receptors cover the skin and epithelia, skeletal muscles, bones and joints, system... more

Using Braille in Modern Technologies - 2010-08-12
What is Braille?    Braille is a technique for enabling blind and visually-impaired people to read and write. Refined in the late 1800's by Louis Braille for blind people, it was originally developed by a French army captain to enable officers to read battle commands without the aid of candle light hence revealing your position... more

Braille music - 2010-08-16
Braille music is a Braille code that allows music to be notated using Braille cells so that music can be read by visually impaired musicians. The Braille music system was originally developed by Louis Braille. RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS:         Permonlie Massage Oil - Aro-T Product used for refl... more

RECOMMENDED PRODUCT:         Permonlie Massage Oil - Aro-T Product used for... more

"Hypnosis is a transitory state of altered attention in the subject, a state that can be brought about by another person and in which varied phenomena can appear spon­taneously or in response to oral or other stimuli. RECOMMENDED PRODUCTS:         Permonlie Massage Oil - Aro-T Pr... more 2010-02-01

DRUG DEPENDENCY - 2009-11-07
Many drugs, including everyday ones such as nicotine and alcohol, have the potential to be misused. Dependency - or addiction - is widespread and can have profound effects on health and well-being. Drug dependency happens when someone takes a drug regularly or to excess, Eventually, the user has to take the drug continuously because he needs to f... more

MASSAGE AND STRESS - 2009-10-17
Massage is drugless stress control. To the executive it means quick energy boosts and a way to cut through fatigue, to the athlete it offers sensational muscle recovery rates after exercise, to the insomniac it brings peace, and to the lover, a new way of touching. It can also provide a simple but amazingly effec­tive facial. Taken regularly... more

A TEN MINUTE EROTIC MASSAGE - 2009-11-07
Banishing After-Work Blues If the mind is the greatest aphrodisiac, then fear and tension are the principal enemies of good sex. We yield to our fears when we're over­tired and overstressed. With­out relaxation and the trust that follows, good sex is rare. The familiar "after-work blues;' a combination of headaches, muscula... more

AN EXTENDED EROTIC MASSAGE - 2009-07-09
An epicurean who wishes to follow the ancient Greek model doesn't simply wallow in sensuality but rather dis­tances himself from the world in order to experience pleasure more fully. We all understand why music sounds better in a symphony hall than a cafe­teria; to really know a beau­tiful thing you must first remove unnecessary di... more

LEARN SUPER MASSAGE IN ONE EVENING - 2009-07-09
A basic stress-control sequence Stroking super-oxygenates the tissues. Kneading squeezes wastes out of the tissues. Friction lubricates the joints and reaches internal organs. Percussion soothes the nerves and boosts circulation to a large area. Stroking again clears all wastes and bring in super-oxygenated blood. As moder... more

INSTANT ENERGY AT HOME AND AT WORK - 2009-07-09
Three essential strokes One minute each, fifty repetitions Mixed percussion Fast friction Walking the back The Coffee Break Vs. the Massage Break If your partner has been depending on stimulants for a pickup during the day, mas­sage will open up a new world of possibilities. The following strokes are ideal for hard­w... more

The Amazing Fluid Release Effect: - 2009-09-24
Stress is created when the exhaust gasses, toxins, and wastes produced by combustion remain within the cell. Deep within the body chemical concentrations that trigger stress must be released from the cells before real relaxation is possible. When stress is viewed as a chemical phenom­enon rather than ... more

A SIMPLE TENSION TEST - 2009-09-24
LOOK BETTER, FEEL BETTER, SLEEP BETTER. Four-Minute Insurance from Wrinkles and Worry Lines Three essential strokes One minute each, fifty repetitions Pressing the forehead Rotating on the temples Fingertip kneading the face Inside the Face We have seen how stressed muscles are stretched tight, then pumped up with... more

CRYSTALS - 2009-07-25
Keep a crystal near to hand and, it is claimed, you'll enhance your general well-being. Crystal healers may use up to 50 different types of crystals to treat different conditions. Your own personal crystal is thought to help  keep  your natural energy forces in balance, thus  maintaining good health. ... more

The acupuncturist corrects an imbalance in the body's energy flow, or Chi, by inserting needles at specific points. This woman is being treated for hay fever. A traditional Chinese acupuncture chart shows meridians, or channels of the body's energy flow, and pressure points. The bust below shows the meridians on the h... more

 2009-07-24

We all feel fed up and miserable from time to time. But depression is more than just a feeling of unhappiness. It's a major health disorder that causes untold suffering to millions of people. We expect to feel sad if someone close to us is ill or dies, we lose our job, or a relationship flounders. Any event that involves... more 2009-07-25

Our backs are complex structures which are involved in virtually every move we make, so it's hardly surprising that back pain is so common. In fact, doctors see more patients for back pain than any other ailment.   Eight out of ten of us will suffer from pain or aching in the back at some time in our lives. Lower back pain is ... more 2009-09-21

Cancer isn't passed on in the same way as, say, blue eyes or blonde hair. (One such cancer is a rare eye cancer called retinoblastoma.) However, certain cancers, such as breast, bowel and ovarian cancers, do cluster in some families, and may be caused by a single gene. Others may have inherited pre-cancerous ... more 2009-07-10

Having a massage is a sure way to relieve tension.

Pressure makes us tense and tension can cause illness and pain. Massage helps to break the circle of stress by relaxing taut muscles and stimulating the systems of the body to work efficiently. One technique used in Swedish massage is electrical vibration: it is designed to stimulate a sluggish system, tone slack muscles and encourage weight... more 2010-01-07

There are many reasons why you might have trouble sleeping. Some may be minor, while others may require medical treatment. Use this chart if you often lie awake at night, wake at odd hours or if you feel tired in the morning.   Do you find it difficult to get to sleep? ... more 2009-11-07

Boosting your libido -  Regular physical exercise can help increase your sex drive. It's thought to stimulate the endocrine glands, which increases the testosterone output. Exercise also improves blood circulation, which can help improve male erections. Regular aerobic exer­cise increases a woman's ability to get aroused. ... more 2009-11-07

On a biological level, identical twins are ... more 2009-06-28

We categorize people according to their physique - A morose fat man? A jolly scarecrow? These combinations probably seem implausible because we tend to categorize people according to their physique. But is there really a link between physical characteristics and temperament?  ... more 2009-06-25

TENNIS ELBOW is a painful muscle condition - 2009-06-23
This painful muscle condition deserves its graphic name ­but it can be brought on by such mundane activities as carrying suitcases or wringing out the washing. Q If I had tennis elbow, how would I recognize it? A You would have a dull ache around the elbow area and upper side of the forearm, with a particular tender spot on, or near ... more

FACIAL AND SCALP EXERCISES is an exercise routine for relaxation - 2009-06-23
The beauty care we give the face and scalp helps to keep the skin clear and the hair healthy, but we need to supplement this by exercising facial and scalp muscles. We exercise our facial muscles almost every waking moment of the day, but this exercise is not necessarily the most beneficial. Just as movements of the body muscles can result ... more

HYPNOTIC DRUGS must be prescribed and taken with care - 2009-06-21
Some people have difficulty in sleeping soundly, and one of the hypnotic drugs can give them a good night's rest. But it must be prescribed and taken with care. Q Is there a danger in mixing my sleeping pills with a night­time alcoholic drink? A Yes. The effects of alcohol add to the effects of all hypnotic drugs ... more

VITAMINS NATURE'S WAY A well-balanced diet rules out the need for supplements - 2009-06-21
      A well-balanced diet will in almost all instances, rule out the need for dietary supplements. Before you stock up on dietary supple­ments, stop to consider whether you could get similar benefits more cheaply by improving your diet. Under normal circumstances, a well­balanced Western diet contains ... more

The power of one mind to communicate directly with another without the aid of the five senses. Scientific proof for the existence of such powers is, however, difficult to obtain. ESP stands for extrasensory perception - that is, knowledge which is acquired by means other... more  Many claims have been made for telepathy - 2009-06-21

TOTAL ALLERGY SYNDROME is an allergic response to 'everything'. We all know of people who are allergic to something. but the term total allergy syndrome has recently been coined to describe an allergic response to 'everything'. Is total allergy syndrome a condition that appears suddenly, or does it develop over a period of time? more 

2009-06-10

As an insidious component of modern life, tension can occur during even the most mundane everyday activities. Prolonged tension can lead to stress, that all too potent cause of serious physical and mental illness. ... more

Prolonged tension can lead to stress - 2009-06-04

The majority of women experience hot flushes during the change of life. Many suffer in silence, thinking there is little that can be done for them, but in fact medical help is available to help them cope with the problem. ... more 2009-06-03

Provided one ovary is still present and the other reproductive organs are normal, then a woman with one ovary has an extremely good chance

There are many medical, surgical and psychological problems which are specific to women.  ... more 2009-05-30

When both are infected by a virus, the resulting condition is known as gastro-enteritis. A Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach, whereas enteritis affects the lower bowel. The two may be part of an infection of the intestinal tract ... more

GASTRO ENTERITIS: The inflammation of the stomach lining is called gastritis; that of the bowels, enteritis. - 2009-05-30

It depends on your other needs. If you feel flabby and lacking in energy, the exercise and massage you can get at a health farm could be useful to you, especially if you need supervision. Also, if you feel very tense and need to find a way to unwind, the soothing,... more 2009-05-25

No, and few would claim to be. If you are ill you should always consult your doctor first to get treatment. ... 2009-05-25

FAITH HEALING has its ardent supporters who believe it can succeed where conventional medicine has failed. Doctors, however, remain sceptical in the absence of scientific proof. But what methods do faith healers use? more 

Yes, something... more

Grafting is the surgical repairing of damaged or diseased areas of the body using 'spare parts'. At its most successful, it makes damaged areas-for example burnt skin-look almost as good as new.    2009-05-23

This does not ... more

HYDROCEPHALUS is an excessive build-up of fluid in and around the brain. - 2009-05-23

Hydrocephalus means, literally, water on the brain and it refers to an excessive build-up of fluid in and around the brain. With modern surgery, very effective treatment is now possible.

It usually takes a doctor at least six years to learn how to cure us.

THE health services of the world would almost certainly collapse if people were not, to a certain extent, their own doctors. Pharmaceutical companies depend on this fact ... more

DO-IT-YOURSELF DOCTORS - 2009-05-17

Love between a man and woman can be a very satisfying relationship. But for the sexual deviant, desire goes astray, diverted into unusual paths. What strange and bizarre forms may ‘love’ take? How do they develop? ... more

DEVIATIONS OF DESIRE - 2009-05-17

It is the science in which the principles of psychology applies in a sport setting - it is often applied to enhance performance.

However, the true sport psychologist is interested in much more than performance enhancement. Support is the vehicle for human enrichment.The win-at-all-costs attention is inconsistent with... more

CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS - 2009-05-06

It is a creative and dynamic means of assisting a child to process and interpret information. Information is received from sensa­tions in the body and the environ­ment. This includes what the child sees, how he moves, as well as what he hears and feels. How a child responds to, interprets, acts on ... more

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF LEARNING DISORDERS - 2009-05-06

Heart attacks, high blood pressure, thickening of the arteries, throm­bosis (formation of blood clots) and strokes. Many medical doctors believe that occupational, relationship, financial or work-related stress is the most important risk factor and cause for coronary heart disease and heart attacks, often starting with a silent elevation in... more

STRESS AND YOUR BODY - 2009-05-05

THE NEW SEXUALITY - 2009-04-08
Sexual research in recent years, has established that many of the beliefs which surround sexuality are untrue, and today a better attitude towards sexuality is evident, especially amongst younger people. The research has shown, amongst other things, the following important findings: The 'double standard' of sexual behaviour .... more